To
understand this example, you should have the knowledge of the following C programming topics:
· C Arrays
This
program asks the user to enter the size (rows and columns) of two matrices.
To multiply two matrices, the number of columns of the first
matrix should be equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
The
program below asks for the number of rows and columns of two matrices until the
above condition is satisfied.
Then, the
multiplication of two matrices is performed, and the result is displayed on the
screen.
To
perform this, we have created three functions:
· getMatrixElements() - to take matrix elements input from
the user.
· multiplyMatrices() - to multiply two matrices.
· display() - to display the resultant matrix after multiplication.
Multiply
Matrices by Passing it to a Function
#include <stdio.h>
// function to get matrix elements entered by the user
void getMatrixElements(int matrix[][10], int row, int column) {
printf("\nEnter elements: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < column; ++j) {
printf("Enter a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
}
// function to multiply two matrices
void multiplyMatrices(int first[][10],
int second[][10],
int result[][10],
int r1, int c1, int r2, int c2) {
// Initializing elements of matrix mult to 0.
for (int i = 0; i < r1; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < c2; ++j) {
result[i][j] = 0;
}
}
// Multiplying first and second matrices and storing it in result
for (int i = 0; i < r1; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < c2; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k < c1; ++k) {
result[i][j] += first[i][k] * second[k][j];
}
}
}
}
// function to display the matrix
void display(int result[][10], int row, int column) {
printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < column; ++j) {
printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
if (j == column - 1)
printf("\n");
}
}
}
int main() {
int first[10][10], second[10][10], result[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2;
printf("Enter rows and column for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1);
printf("Enter rows and column for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &r2, &c2);
// Taking input until
// 1st matrix columns is not equal to 2nd matrix row
while (c1 != r2) {
printf("Error! Enter rows and columns again.\n");
printf("Enter rows and columns for the first matrix: ");
scanf("%d%d", &r1, &c1);
printf("Enter rows and columns for the second matrix: ");
scanf("%d%d", &r2, &c2);
}
// get elements of the first matrix
getMatrixElements(first, r1, c1);
// get elements of the second matrix
getMatrixElements(second, r2, c2);
// multiply two matrices.
multiplyMatrices(first, second, result, r1, c1, r2, c2);
// display the result
display(result, r1, c2);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter rows and column for the first matrix: 2
3
Enter rows and column for the second matrix: 3
2
Enter elements:
Enter a11: 2
Enter a12: -3
Enter a13: 4
Enter a21: 53
Enter a22: 3
Enter a23: 5
Enter elements:
Enter a11: 3
Enter a12: 3
Enter a21: 5
Enter a22: 0
Enter a31: -3
Enter a32: 4
Output Matrix:
-21 22
159 179
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